First Love by John Clare

First Love â€Å"First Love† by John Clare is a sonnet that clarifies something that everybody will as a rule suffer in their life; the enthusiastic excursion of becoming hopelessly enamored just because. The short 24 line sonnet assaults the feelings of the peruser and draws the peruser into the sonnet by imagining or thinking back of the reader’s first love. John Clare expounds on how he becomes hopelessly enamored just because and his point of view from the main gathering as far as possible. The sonnet is organized with a rhyming plan of each other line in an abab pattern.The sonnet is broken into three periods of a first love: the gathering of one’s first love, at that point the association and being with the individual, lastly the finish of the main love. The sonnet starts with â€Å"I ne'er was struck before that hour. † This initial line recommends that the essayist has been struck by all consuming, instant adoration. He keeps on supporting this wit h saying how it is unexpected and sweet. The suggestion here is that it is youthful first love. With each line, the author keeps on supporting the next.With the ramifications of youthful first love, he underpins this energy with an analogy writing in the following line; the young ladies face like a sweet blossom. This can be interpreted as a youngster growing up to be a lady. The following two lines express how she took his heart and blew his mind; turning him pale. This was such a stun to him, that he was unable to move and was deadened to the point his legs couldn’t move. Notwithstanding stun, he could likewise imply that he didn’t need to leave or quit taking a gander at here.The last two lines of this verse, speaks to when she takes a gander at him, he could never really dissolve and formed towards being with her. This is the change everybody experiences while beginning to look all starry eyed at. Your life changes and should conform to the new relationship. The su bsequent refrain starts with â€Å"And then my blood raced to my face. † He is communicating his sentiments expressing how he becomes flushed when around his adoration. A larger part of individuals have been blinded by adoration. John Clare composes of this loss of vision by expressing his vision is removed and couldn't see a solitary thing.In expansion to the visual impairment, his world is mutilated while during the day everything else doesn’t matter; a kind of limited focus for his first love. The notice of his eyes and harmonies make an interpretation of to having the option to recognize the affection easily so solid it talks and sings of his heart. Both of them have an association so solid that words verbally expressed are a bit much. Their association is deciphered through words from his eyes. This refrain goes to a transitional close with consuming blood around his heart, implying that his first love has harmed him.The last verse starts with â€Å"Are blossoms the winter's decision? † Like a lot of sonnets, one of the seasons is maneuvered into the sonnet. In any case, not in a charming way; winter is cold simply like his affection being cold towards him; idyllically the brush off is love’s bed consistently day off. John Clare isn't sure that his love’s tuning in to him, and feels that he will never discover another affection like her. The brush off and her not tuning in to him, has caused torment. This agony feels, to him, similar to somebody tore his heart from his chest.He closes the sonnet with a line meaning he can never adore again. Taking everything into account, this sonnet is an ideal miserable sentimental sonnet that recounts to the tale of meeting a first love, the association and being with the individual, lastly the finish of the main love. The energy and importance put in this sonnet communicates obviously how John Clare feels about his first, last, and just love. I accept that the sentiments he puts in t his sonnet assists perusers with relating more than different sonnets; presumably making this one of the most relatable sonnets ever to a general crowd.

Dangerous Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis

SHRED case investigation Paper Hal was named to lead a bookkeeper group on November 15 His Job was to report the review progress There are commonly 4 situations in a review group: Partner-in-control: in general the most dependable one Manager: oversees the entire examining process In-control senior: does the evaluating plan Staff individuals: perform errands Frank is the accomplice in-control Although new, Hal gets one of the four seniors, yet after Richard signs, Hal becomes in-control senior, Audit report should be finished by January 15 There were numerous explanations that couldnt be given to Hal. Hal and Linda both experience unordinary things. Stage 3: Write the difficult explanation. A. First rundown the manifestations of the general issue that is causing the side effects. The other senior inspectors act in their own specific manner as opposed to together. Honest has poor hard working attitudes. Franks hard working attitudes influences the entire examining process The cutoff time is close. B. At that point name the shopping center hidden Issue?the center issue Due to Franks poor work trustworthiness, it influences Halls occupation and position as the in-control Enron. C. Compose the difficult articulation. Express the most critical issue in 3 to 5 sentences. Hal, the reviewing In-control senior of Reheard Company, was alloted to review the ABA Group Ltd. Because of Franks, the accomplice in-control, poor hard working attitudes, Halls position as the in-control senior and the entire task gets risked. Hal must move toward Frank inside the following day to fix things and to converse with him about the groups discoveries, in any case, Halls positions, the firm, and ABA will confront terrible results. Stage 4: State a target for the chief Involved. Momentary target (s): 1. To fix things with Frank 2. We will compose a custom exposition test on SHRED case investigation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on SHRED case examination explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on SHRED case examination explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer To introduce the groups discoveries and to ensure the examining group is in the same spot. Long haul objective (s): 10 present a distressing rep 2. To cooperate as a group. Rotor Step 5: Identify and rank request basic issues (fundamental issues) identified with the issue. Were concentrating on one hidden issue much of the time, however there can be mutiple. 1. Because of Franks poor hard working attitudes, it influences Halls Job and position as the in-control senior. 2. The group isn't cooperating, nor are they on the same wavelength. 3. A review report for the ABA is expected on January 15. Stage 6: Consider significant data (realities) and fundamental suspicions identified with the issue. The other senior inspectors act in their own specific manner as opposed to together. Straight to the point has poor hard working attitudes. Stage 7: List potential answers for the issue. 1 . ) Hal can proceed report his discoveries Advantages It will manage the circumstance with Frank The best thing would be done/hard working attitudes and respectability. Burdens It makes him a little snitch story for uncovering Frank It will make the reviewing bunch look awful, as though they can not cooperate. Potential Outcomes Best: The gathering changes and works with trustworthiness. In all likelihood: The Frank circumstance will be managed. Most unrealistic: The gathering will look terrible. 2. ) Hal can oblige his groups report There will be a report to present to ABA Even however the Frank circumstance wont be brought to consideration, it will make the gathering look as though they cooperated, expertly. Detriments It isn't the proper activity Frank will keep on acting like this Best: ABA will never get some answers concerning the issues with respect to Frank Most Likely: They will have something to present to ABA Most improbable: ABA get some answers concerning all the issues occurring inside the reviewing bunch step B: select ten Test arrangement. I think the best answer for Hal is to report his own discoveries. With work, trustworthiness and having great hard working attitudes is completely significant. It is significant for the own individual and obviously the organization. Straight to the point may imagines that he is profiting by it, yet it truly is going to influences him. In addition to the fact that it affects him, however it additionally influences his associates, the ABA, and Reheard Company. Stage 9: Decide how to actualize the arrangement. Hal should converse with Frank actually first. In the event that that doesn't work I think Hal ought to carry the thoughtfulness regarding possibly the manager of Reheard Company. It may make Hal appear to be a snitch story, yet toward the day's end it is extremely about making the best choice. Stage 10: Explain how to convey the arrangement. Hal should converse with Frank first and attempt to work through the issue. They ought to talk about his discoveries and afterward attempt to understand it at that moment. Ideally Frank will change and see what the better decision and course is for him, the organization, and his associates.

Nicotine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Nicotine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal Print What to Know About Nicotine Use By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Joegend/ Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Nicotine Withdrawal After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Does Nicotine Do? Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths & Common Questions Addiction & Withdrawal How to Get Help View All Back To Top Nicotine, a stimulant found in tobacco plants, is one of the most heavily used drugs in the United Statesâ€"and its just as addictive as cocaine or heroin, according to the surgeon general. Nicotine products are regulated by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). While nicotine is legal, it is illegal to sell or distribute nicotine-containing products to people under 18. Cigarette smoking is the primary source of nicotine, with one pack of cigarettes providing some 250 hits of the extremely addictive substance. Fewer people over the age of 18 are smoking today than ever before, but it still remains the most preventable cause of death in the United States accounting for 480,000 deaths annually. Estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 2017 indicate that 14% of the U.S. adult population smoke cigarettes.?? Also Known As: Nicotine products include cigarettes (also known as smokes), pipes, cigars (sometimes referred to as stogies), chewing tobacco (also known as dip or chew), snuff, hookahs, and e-cigarettes (also known as e-cigs and vapes). Drug Class: Nicotine is classified as a stimulant. Common Side Effects: Nicotine is known to cause decreased appetite, heightened mood, increased heart rate and blood pressure, nausea, diarrhea, better memory, and increased alertness. How to Recognize Nicotine Nicotine is rarely sold as a singular product, rather its most often found as an ingredient in tobacco products like cigarettes and some smoking cessation products like nicotine gum and patches. Nicotine is sold as a liquid for use in e-cigarettes.The FDA requires warning statement labels on tobacco products: “WARNING: This product contains  nicotine.  Nicotine  is an addictive chemical.” What Does Nicotine Do? When a person inhales cigarette smoke, the nicotine in the smoke is rapidly absorbed into the blood and starts affecting the brain within 10 seconds. Once there, nicotine triggers a number of chemical reactions that create temporary feelings of pleasure and concentration. But these sensations are short-lived, subsiding within minutes. These chemical reactions include the release of catecholamines such as adrenaline, the fight or flight hormone. Physically, adrenaline increases heart rate and blood pressure. When this occurs, smokers may experience rapid, shallow breathing and the feeling of a racing heartbeat. Adrenaline also tells the body to dump excess glucose into the bloodstream. Nicotine also curbs appetite and may contribute to weight loss in complex ways. What the Experts Say Many researchers are beginning to question whether nicotine is any more harmful than a daily dose of caffeine. To date, there have been studies showing positive effects of nicotine, including decreased tension and increased thinking, as well as the stimulants potential in warding off cognitive decline into Alzheimers, delaying the progression of Parkinsons disease, and as a therapeutic approach for ADHD and schizophrenia. Still, health professionals continue to warn about the dangers of nicotine, especially when used by adolescents whose brains are still developing (until age 25). Nicotine impacts the parts of the brain that play a role in attention, memory, learning, and brain plasticity. While cigarette smoking is on the decline, vaping and e-cigarettes are on the rise. The American Academy of Pediatrics warns that “e-cigarettes are threatening to addict a new generation to nicotine” and recommends increasing the minimum age to purchase e-cigarettes to 21 nationwide.  ?? Off-Label and Approved Uses Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was  the first pharmacological treatment approved by the FDA for smoking cessation. In fact, studies show that using the nicotine patch can double the rate of a persons smoking cessation success, especially when combined with support. There are a variety of available NRT products, including: Nicotine patchNicotine gumNicotine nasal sprayNicotine inhalerNicotine lozenges Pros and Cons of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Common Side Effects Nicotine causes a range of effects on both the body and mind, including: Decreased appetiteHeightened moodIncreased activity in the intestinesIncreased production of saliva and phlegmIncreased heart rateIncreased blood pressureSweatingNauseaDiarrheaBetter memoryIncreased alertness Signs of Use If your loved one is smoking cigarettes, you’ll likely be able to smell it on them. Detecting vaping can be a bit more difficultâ€"but there are still some signs of use: Devices: E-cigarettes or vape pens can look like a thumb drive, pen, or stylus, with holes on each end.Irritability: This is a classic sign of withdrawal.Sweet smells: Vapor juice is often flavored, so if you suddenly catch a whiff of fruit punch or bubble gum (and there’s no candy around) it could be a red flag.Nosebleeds: Vaping can dry out the nasal passages and cause nose bleeds.Drinking more liquids: The vaporized liquid in e-cigs contains propylene glycol, which attracts and holds water molecules from the mouth, causing constant dry mouth. Can You Overdose on Nicotine? Nicotine is poisonous and overdose is possible, though not common. Most often, nicotine poisoning occurs when children mistake nicotine gum or lozenges for candy.If you or someone you care about experiences the following signs of nicotine overdose, call 911 or poison control (800-222-1222) immediately:Difficulty breathingVomitingFaintingHeadacheWeaknessIncreased or decreased heart rate Myths Common Questions Many people think that nicotine causes cancerâ€"but the jury is still out. Nicotine is certainly a harmful, addictive substance but it is mainly the tar and the other toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke that cause cancer. Research does suggest that nicotine can increase the risk of cancer due to its damaging effects on DNA, although the risk is much lower than those from smoking cigarettes.  A study by the National Cancer Institute found that those who were most addicted to nicotineâ€"smoking a cigarette within five minutes of waking upâ€"had the greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Another myth is that you can get hooked on the nicotine in smoking cessation products like the patch or nicotine gum or lozenges. While possible, most people find it easy to get off nicotine medicine after several months. In general, these products deliver nicotine to your body more slowly.   Many teens think that using e-cigarettes is safer, however, they still contain high levels of nicotine. The brand JUUL packs perhaps the most potent dose: one pod contains roughly 20 cigarettes worth of nicotine and the product claims to deliver the addictive substance 2.7 times faster than other e-cigarettes.?? Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Nicotine is extremely addictive and, when used regularly, your body and mind learn to expect a certain amount of nicotine each dayâ€"and if it doesnt get it, withdrawal can be intense. You can quickly build a tolerance to nicotine, needing more to reach the desired effect. This is one reason why its so hard (but not impossible) to quit smoking. How Long Does Nicotine Stay in Your System? Nicotine (in the form of a cigarette, pipe, or e-cigarette smoke) is mostly absorbed into the body through the lungs as well as the membranes in the mouth and throat. It can also be absorbed in your gastrointestinal tract (via chewing tobacco, nicotine gum, and lozenges) or your skin if you use a nicotine patch. Nicotine is mainly metabolized in the liver and is excreted via urine through the kidneys as well as in feces. How long it stays in your system depends on many factors, including age, weight, type, frequency of use, and hydration and physical activity levels. That said, the estimated timeframe is as follows: Urine test: Two to four daysBlood test: Two to four daysSaliva test: One to four daysHair follicle test: Up to 90 days Many routine drug tests screen for nicotine. How Long Nicotine Stays in Your System Addiction Nicotine is a highly addictive substance thats found in all tobacco products, including cigarettes, pipes, cigars, chewing tobacco, snuff, hookahs, e-cigarettes, and other vaping devices. Nicotine activates the same reward pathways in the brain that other drugs such as cocaine or amphetamines do, although to a lesser degree. Research has shown that nicotine increases the level of dopamine in the brain, a neurotransmitter that is responsible for feelings of pleasure and well-being.?? The Truth About Smoking Pleasure and Nicotine Addiction Withdrawal As the nicotine level drops in the blood, people may feel edgy and agitatedâ€"the start of nicotine withdrawal. The acute effects of nicotine wear off within minutes, so people who smoke must continue dosing themselves frequently throughout the day to maintain the pleasurable effects of nicotine and to prevent nicotine withdrawal, which causes a host of physical and psychological symptoms: Cravings to smokeIrritability, crankinessInsomniaFatigueInability to concentrateHeadacheCoughSore throatConstipation, gas, stomach painDry mouthSore tongue and/or gumsPostnasal dripTightness in the chest 7 Tips for Surviving Nicotine Withdrawal How to Get Help Statistics show that only a small percentage (approximately 7%) of people who try to quit smoking without support are still smoke-free a year later. However, those with a quit program in place that includes education about nicotine addiction and a solid support group, do much better. Whether you prefer to quit cold turkey or choose to use a quit aid to help you stop smoking, its important to recognize that recovery from nicotine addiction is a process of gradual release over time. Quitting nicotine doesnt happen overnight, but with perseverance, freedom from nicotine addiction is doable and will pay you back with benefits that go well beyond what you can probably imagine. Quit Smoking and Make It Stick!

Essay on The Rise on Prescription Drug Abuse - 860 Words

Many of Americans have been diagnosed with chronic pain. In fact according to the Institute of Medicine 116 million United States adults live with chronic pain. The majority of these adults do not seem to receive the adequate treatment needed to help them to cope or to treat their pain. This is primarily due to the physicians not being able to efficiently diagnose their patients, and or the physicians lack the knowledge of the best ways to help manage the pain their patients are experiencing. This is why most people believe that Physicians are the main cause for the rise of prescription drug abuse (Garcia, 2013). Between the years of 1999 and 2010 the amount of prescription painkillers that were sold to the pharmacies, hospitals, and the†¦show more content†¦In these particular cases the children choose to try out the painkillers, and no doctor prescribed them to the children. There are also cases where one has a surgery or medical procedure and gets prescribed pain medication, because they legitimately need it to help with their pain from their procedure, and they decide that they like the feeling that they get while taking the pain medicine. The feeling one gets when they take pain medicine while they are not in pain can make one want to always feel that way. Taking painkillers can cause dreamy feelings. One relates that feeling with the suppressed emotions that they feel while on the painkillers and then they start to chase that feeling. This is another way that people get drawn in by painkillers and can be the start of their addiction (Wood, 2014). When people become addicted to painkillers they will do anything to achieve that high that they once felt while taking the drug. A popular way for one to get the prescriptions that they want is to obtain prescriptions for painkillers from multiple doctors (Cepeda, Fife, Chow, Mastrogiovanni, Henderson, 2012). This is also known as doctor shopping. It allows one to get more painkillers, for the same problem, from different doctors. TheShow MoreRelatedPrescription Opioid Abuse : An Increasing Epidemic With Solutions945 Words   |  4 Pages Prescription Opioid Abuse: An Increasing Epidemic with Solutions in Prescribing The rate of poisonings associated with drug overdoses has been on the rise, especially concerning those involving opioids (Paulozzie, Budnitz, Xi, 2006). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not mince words regarding the status of opioid utilization in the United States: ?The United States is in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic? (CDC, 2016). Opioids are now the most common cause of prescriptionRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers : A Survey1201 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance Abuse Among Teenagers Hannah is a fifteen year old girl who was recently sent to a rehabilitation center for the result of abuse of prescription medication. 6.1 million high school students currently use addictive substances, and like Hannah, 1 in 3 of them are addicted (â€Å"National Study Reveals,†2011). Although the number of teens using these drugs are decreasing, the numbers are still dangerously high. Due to it’s high risk of addiction, dangerous consequences, and growing availabilityRead MoreThe Article A World Split Apart 856 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrating that our society is given â€Å"too much† freedom. As a result people cannot handle it, resulting in abuse and misuse of the rights bestowed onto us. This is exceptionally true in the world of medicine; meant for treatment of illness, has led abuse of prescription drugs. How are our prescription drugs being abused? First, an understanding of basic rights to treatment in relation to prescription medications recently ena cted. Patient’s Bill of Rights essentially guarantees treatment to the recipientRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse990 Words   |  4 PagesPrescription drug abuse is not a new problem within our society. Prescription drug abuse has in fact been an ongoing problem that is currently spinning out of control. There are many people within our society that are currently dealing with prescription drug addiction. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional use of a medication without a prescription; in a way other than as prescribed; or for the experience or feeling it causes (The Science of Drug Abuse Addiction, 2014). 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So what is the situation of drug epidemic now, and how can we find effective ways to deal with this problem? A few writers who ponder this question are Nora D. Volkow,Read MorePrescription Opioid Abuse And Its Effects On Heroin Use Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesNonmedical Prescription-Opioid abuse in the United States and Michigan has continued to rise, and with it, the devastating results that accompany it. Research has shown that increased opioid abuse leads to an increase in overdose and death, increases in crime and increased incidences of costly blood borne diseases lik e HIV, AIDS and Hepatitis. It also leads to increased societal costs, such as an increasing number of children in foster care and increased healthcare, workplace and criminal justiceRead MoreDrug Use American Society Today Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Use in American Society Today Drug use in America is one of the major issues we face and the problem has skyrocketed over the past three decades. Heroin and painkiller addictions exceed all other countries. It is important that we address some of the causes that lead to the abuse, how to treat the abuse, and how to prevent the distribution of illegal prescription drugs. Drug use in the United States has increased for the past few years. A report conducted by Tobias Salinger from NY DailyRead MoreTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Years ago, the common image of an adolescent drug abuser was a teen trying to escape from reality on illegal substances like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana. Today, there is a great discrepancy between that perception and the reality of who is likely to abuse drugs. A teenage drug abuser might not have to look any further than his or her parent’s medicine chest to ‘score.’ Prescription drug abuse by teens is on the rise. Also, teens are looking to prescription drugsRead MoreEffects Of Opioid Abuse On A Community Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesVarious Effects of Opioid Abuse on a Community The relationship between the rising rates of prescription-opioid abuse and heroin use has led to increases in crime, incidences of HCV and HIV, and drastic increases on overdose and death. In fact, between 1999 and 2010 opioid-related mortality increased 415% among women and 265% among men (King et al, 2014). According to King et al (2014), the main causes of this increase in deaths can be attributed to prescriber error, user behavior and characteristics

Medical Use of Honey Bee Products Essay - 1500 Words

Apitherapy is the use of honey bee products in treating illnesses and diseases. Apis means â€Å"bee† while â€Å"therapy† is a treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder. The different products derived from the beehive which can be used in apitherapy are: honey, pollen, propolis, venom, wax and royal jelly. Being from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, we all have been exposed to honey bees and their products in unique ways. Despite our differences, collectively, we share great interest in the application of honey, bee venom (BV) and propolis in contemporary medicinal practices. In the following paragraphs each member shares their personal exposure with bees and why they have an interest in the medicinal use of BV. Mai As a young†¦show more content†¦This heightened my curiosity about bees as I will be practicing medicine in this region where the novel discovery of the antiviral effects of bee products might assist in the treatment of HIV. Ralu The first time I learned about the therapeutic use of BV was in university. A classmate presented a speech on bees and the medical use of their venom. This caught my attention because I am always excited to learn new medical treatments. After further research I discovered that BV could be used to treat arthritis. I have a cousin who is very dear to me and has arthritis so I was curious and excited to learn how to help him manage his illness. Jonathan About 2 years ago I rekindled my childhood passion for keeping insects; I purchased a beehive. It was like jumping into the ocean. Without knowing much about bees I learnt to manage them through direct interactions after reading books and watching YouTube videos. Of course, when you deal with bees you will get stung. The first sting was horrible, but today I perceive beestings like mosquito bites. Although I have been keeping bees for a while, my interest in the medicinal use of BV wasn’t triggered until my friend sent me an article on the use of BV against HIV. Helen Despite being a doctor, my mother always tried not to use drugs as much as possible. Whenever my brother or I got sick, she treated us with natural remedies not only to improveShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Big Daddy And Daddy Bee1713 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Daddy Bee† When thinking about civil law we depict a set of interpretation of rules that codify laws that we follow. Lawmakers are typically the essential individuals providing greater explanations of how the law applies. In the films â€Å"Big Daddy† and â€Å"Bee Movie† I was able to analyze a representation of Americas civil law systems with many different concepts. Big Daddy is a film where a man named Sonny Koufax has spent his entire life avoiding responsibility. Then one day his girlfriend dumps himRead MoreComplementary Medicine And Alternative Medicine1556 Words   |  7 Pagescomplementary or traditional medicine. Use of complementary medicine practices alongside modern medicine, while using alternative medicine instead of modern medicine practices. It Is extremely difficult Complementary and Alternative Medicine definition because it includes a huge number of practices as it permanently variable. As an example, were complementary and alternative medicine is defined to include all practices that do not systematically taught in the faculties of Medical Sciences, and this of courseRead MoreHoney As A Homeopathic Wound Care2859 Words   |  12 PagesHoney As A Homeopathic Wound Care â€Å"If the bee disappeared off the face of the earth, man would only have four years left to live† (Maeterlinck 317). 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Honey in particular, has been one spread that has gone through both prosperous and rough patches. Honey manufacturers and packers have used technological innovation to create a new market niche while strengthening their traditional markets with solid marketing schemes and planning. This report is going to be focusing on the honey market and exporting/importing of honey. The various marketing opportunities associated be examined andRead MoreAnimals and Its Beneficial Uses to Man2167 Words   |  9 PagesANIMALS AND ITS BENEFICIAL USES TO MAN. 1. DOGSIt’s been proven that owning a dog can help you feel more relaxed, lessen medical visits, and even prevent heart attacks. It seems  owners have created a tight-knit bond with dogs, sometimes referring to them as â€Å"part of the family†. So†¦ really thinking about it, dogs are actually  human’s  best friend.Dogs are social creatures too just like us; they love to play and socialize. Sometimes, they may steal a  treat  off the table when we turn our backsRead MoreAnimals and Its Beneficial Uses to Man2179 Words   |  9 PagesANIMALS AND ITS BENEFICIAL USES TO MAN. 1. DOGSIt’s been proven that owning a dog can help you feel more relaxed, lessen medical visits, and even prevent heart attacks. It seems  owners have created a tight-knit bond with dogs, sometimes referring to them as â€Å"part of the family†. So†¦ really thinking about it, dogs are actually  human’s  best friend.Dogs are social creatures too just like us; they love to play and socialize. Sometimes, they may steal a  treat  off the table when we turn our backsRead MoreEntomology: Relatives Insects1867 Words   |  8 Pagesdepend on single species for pollination. Some orchids are pollinated by certain long-tongued hawk moths, and the Smyrna fig is pollinated by the fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes (Fenster and others 2004). The most important insect pollinator is the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Without this insect it would be almost impossible to produce orchard fruits; apples, pears, plums, cherries, nuts; and berries; strawberries, blackberri es, cranberries and blueberries; such vegetables as melons, cucumbers, pumpkinsRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1915 Words   |  8 Pageseffects were that this plasmid resulted in the chimeric gene, mutated DNA taken from several hosts, to be inserted into the plant. A single tissue was extracted from the plant and used to make a new one. Though Human Engineering was unknowingly in use much later than when these scientists put their hands on it. Circa 10,000 years ago, agriculture was at its beginning stages, swarming to new places. A selection of grass and types of crops with have finally been weeded out to make up the staple ofRead MoreComvita4918 Words   |  20 Pagesstocks in the company to maximise the returns on their investment in Comvita. Comvita is an international natural health and beauty products company with a strong New Zealand heritage. They are committed to the development of innovative natural health and wellbeing products, backed by creditable scientific research. Manuka honey is the core of the Comvita product range and they are the largest manufacturer and marketer in the world. They sell in 18 countries with offices in New Zealand, Hong Kong

Comparison and Contrast Paper Medieval Characteristics Free Essays

Prior Expectations Regarding Literary Masterpieces Patsy Baker ENG/106 March 25, 2013 Sandra Rooks Prior Expectations Regarding Literary Masterpieces Literature reveals the soul of a civilization. The manner in which a civilization develops is in direct correlation with the quality and nature of its literature. Literary masterpieces are treasure troves to be read, analyzed, and enjoyed. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison and Contrast Paper: Medieval Characteristics or any similar topic only for you Order Now At first, many ancient masterpieces may seem hard to comprehend for a novice reader; however, the effort exerted to grasp their merit is well worth the result. A Yiddish saying states that life without creativity is existence without joy. Obtaining an understanding and appreciation of successful literature opens the door to learning about the author, the author’s culture, and the necessary elements to emulate the techniques to produce such a masterpiece. Exposure to literary masterpieces began in my high school years. Ontario educational standards required every student to take classes in Greek, Roman, and Norse literature. Learning ancient Greek and Latin enriched my education and understanding of the value of their literature, and studies of the techniques and styles of each genre. Comprehending the nuances of their languages enhanced the comprehension of these masterpieces. Also I learned illiteracy of the general populous was the reason for early writings written in poetic format so it could be sung. Hesiod, Homer, and Virgil were the master-storytellers who used elements such as personification, metaphors, onomatopoeia, and similes to make their stories come alive to the listener; for example, â€Å"The fertile earth being burnt, roared out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  provides an auditory picture of the viciousness of the battle (2008, p. 59). The Theogony†, â€Å"Iliad,† and â€Å"Aeneid† describe the hierarchy and intrigue of the immortals, including their interaction among themselves and with mortals. The style and techniques applied in literary masterpieces should reflect the religion, culture, or historical influences of the author’s life experiences. These elements contribute to the substance of the author’s presentation. For examp le, it would be extremely difficult for the Book of Genesis to be as effective in teaching the creation of mankind if it were written by a person whose religion was polytheistic. One of the key theme’s of Genesis is monotheism and that the Supreme Being created all things. Plato’s â€Å"The Apology† could have been incoherent and less effective without his knowledge of the knack of rhetoric learned from such teachers as Socrates. Sophocles understood the suffering of violence from living through the Peloponnesian Wars. Also his setting for â€Å"Oedipus the King† was Colonus, the same town he grew up in. Of note, he is acknowledged as the creator of skenographia—scene painting helping to define better the setting for his play. Finally, Sophocles used symbolism for the name of the hero—â€Å"Oidipous† means swollen foot. This name emphasizes the angst of Oedipus who was taunted in his youth. (2008, p. 501). The authenticity of the author’s writing must reflect the author’s life. The reader’s expectation of the author’s purpose for writing the literary masterpiece should not be a determinant for the reader’s expectations of its content. The purpose should become evident upon reading the entire piece. For example, the biblical story of Daniel in the lions’ den inspires courage and faith. The graphic violence in â€Å"Oedipus the King† is disturbing; however, it is thought-provoking. Some literary masterpieces can be painful. For example, reading the Apostle Luke’s description of Jesus’ crucifixion is emotionally painful and haunting; however, it spiritually enlightens the reader. Understanding literary masterpieces may be difficult to comprehend but not boring. Predetermined expectations of the purpose or proper reactions from literary pieces prejudice the reader and should, therefore, be avoided. Enthusiastic high school English teachers and talented Ancient Greek and Latin teachers encouraged my understanding and appreciation of literary masterpieces. Sometimes, it is hard for a teenager to believe the word â€Å"modern† is not always the best, and the word â€Å"ancient† is not always unpalatable. From these encounters, my understanding of cultures, religions, and writing skills expanded. I learned the effectiveness of literary devices such as irony, allegory, onomatopoeia, and satire. The historical time frame of the writing, the cultural aspects of the writer, and historical events within the piece are important aspects in evaluating the quality of literature. If possible, reading literature in its original language helps to increase the appreciation of the quality of its excellence. Finally, reading a piece of literature more than once may enlighten a reader concerning its qualities. Important characteristics of literary masterpieces must focus on artistic excellence, intellectual value, spiritual value, permanence, universal appeal, style, and be thought provoking. No literary piece can stand the test-of-time without these attribu tes. Consider the Torah and the Christian Bible. Their spiritual appeal affects millions of lives. Both have existed throughout the ages. They are thought provoking and have unique styles. The Psalms are well-known and possess all these attributes. For example, Psalms 23 is sung in both Jewish and Christian places of worship. The value of literary masterpieces to the world is immeasurable. There are some important influences of literary masterpieces on modern society. Freud based some of his concepts of psychoanalysis on Sophocles’ character of Oedipus. The Twelve Commandments from the Torah are the basis for civil laws prohibiting murder and theft. Concepts of human kindness and acts of charity are based on Jesus’ teaching in the Four Gospels. Charitable and religious groups practice acts of kindness based on these writings. The aforementioned examples demonstrate the importance of literary masterpieces on modern society. Literature is a window allowing readers to see the personality of a civilization. It is a window to the mores, ideals, creativity, and spiritual heart of a civilization. There is immeasurable cultural and spiritual wealth in literary masterpieces. Although some literary masterpieces are difficult to understand, they are a spring of enlightenment to those who strive to grasp their value. The comprehension and admiration of literary masterpieces is a key to obtaining awareness and comprehension of the value of the writings. This key provides a portal to the world of the author, the civilization, and the tools to create such a work of art. Reference Damrosch, D. , Alliston, A. , Brown, M. , duBois, P. , Hafez, S. , Heise, U. K. , et al (2008). The Longman Anthology of World Literature. New York, NY: Pearson Education Inc. How to cite Comparison and Contrast Paper: Medieval Characteristics, Papers

Crusades Essay Example For Students

Crusades Essay In 109 The First Crusade was launched by Christians with the support of the Roman Catholic Church in hopes of recapturing Jerusalem from the Muslims. The Crusades arose out of feudal society in the eleventh century, offering crusaders freedom adventure and a possible economic gain. Pope Urban II gave a speech to the church leaders and nobles in France, telling them to rescue their fellow Christians from the Muslims. He promised them everlasting life in heaven if they went. The Crusades werent started for no apparent reason, their were many causes of the first crusade and many effects. The crusades were mainly directed to Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulcher.(West 5)Jerusalem was taken by the caliph Umar in the 7th century, and early in the 11th century Fatmid caliph Hakim began to persecute the Christians and despoil the Holy Sepulcher. (Colombia 1) In 1004 the caliph Cairo of Cairo ordered the destruction of the church and Holy Sepulcher, but son after he proclaimed himself to be god, and the Muslims got ride of him, the Greek emperor was permitted to rebuild the Holy Sepulcher. The new spirit of adventure in the art, literature and actions of the western Europeans became a cause for the increase of pilgrimages to the holy lands. Europe was in a period of expansion and its urge for war and conquest had grown during the years of fending off the raids of the Magyars, Viking and Saracens. The spirit of religious reform that led to the Investiture Controversy led to an increase in popular spirituality. People now wanted to participate actively and do something in honor of their god.(Nelson 1) The different groups of European society contributed to the cause of the crusades. The aristocracy found themselves losing the importance they once had when they stood between Europe and its attacker. They needed more land and started to fight with each other over it, their numbers were growing because there we no longer losses in battles. ( Nelson 1) In 1054 the Church split into eastern and western organizations and the popes wanted to heal that split. They were also involved in the Investiture Controversy and were looking for allies. Middle classes knew they could become rich by cutting out of the Byzantines and taking the profits for themselves that byzantine merchants had been making on trade with them.(Nelson2). Pilgrims returning for the Holy Land were bringing stories home of the atrocities being committed by the Seljuk Turks against pilgrims, and of the way they were disrespecting holy places. This caused great outrage because the average western European was better acquainted with the Bible lands than any other place other than their own villages and towns. (Nelson 2)Late in the 11th century the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I, was threatened by the Seljuk Turks that had been moving towards Constantinople since their victory at the Battle of Manzikert. Alexius knew he would need reinforcement so he turned to the west for help. (Columbia 1) Alexius had seen a group of western knights under the command of Count Robert of Flanders earlier and was impressed by their fighting and tried to hire about 1200 warriors.(Nelson1) He sent his request to Pope Urban II who was more than glad to help. The calling of the Crusade was a political opportunity for Urban to attract loyalty from a wide range of disparate countries and asserting the churchs role as a unifying force. (Wikipedia 1) After a council held at Aurillac in France, Urban gave a speech to the laymen who had come to hear him. .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb , .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .postImageUrl , .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb , .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:hover , .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:visited , .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:active { border:0!important; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:active , .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b9fc24bdd34e8da8b30bfcab59429eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kindergarten Chats – Architecture Essay Summary Although there are no records of what he exactly said there are some ideas. He didnt say much about Alexius since the westerners did not like the Byzantines very much. He concentrated on the mission to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. He promised them the Churchs blessing, the aid of god, and he offered them a Papal Indulgence, which promised the immediate remission of all sins of any one who participates in the expedition. The crowds reaction to his speech was phenomenal and the crowd yelled out Deus Vult, which means God wills it. The number of those whose joined the Crusades increased daily and they all believed to be led directly by God.The Peoples Crusade is probably the most famous crusade of the First Crusade. It was started by wandering preachers that were met in churches, at mass, highways, fairgrounds, crossroads and in marketplaces. Of these preachers the most famous and most enthusiastic was Peter the Hermit. He had formed a large group of dedicated followers who listened to him preach about the crusades. After listening to him preach suddenly all the humble people turned out in force so that they could go and deliver Jerusalem and win back the Holy Land. (Pernoud 29) On April 1096 a whole troop of people took to the road following Peter, and on August 1096 Peter the Hermit had finally reached the walls of Constantinople. Soon after they established themselves in the neighborhood of Civetot, they were attacked by the Turks who massacred them to the last man. (Pernoud 30) On October 21st the people of Civetot were ambushed by the Turks who massacred indiscriminately the women, old people, and children who had remained. That marked the end of the Peoples Crusade.While the peoples expedition was being massacred, the main Crusader army marched to Jerusalem which had been recaptured by the Fatimids of Egypt. The Crusaders from the north, Lorrainers, Walloons, and those from Brabant were grouped under the leader Godfrey of Bouillon. The Crusaders from the south were led by Raymond of Saint-Giles. After a long siege and great loss of Crusaders, Jerusalem was taken on July 15, 1099. The Crusaders massacred the whole Muslim and Jewish population including women and children. The jews were burned alive in their main synagogue and the Muslims were slaughtered in the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and it is said that their blood ran ankle-deep. ( Wikipedia 3) Not everyone was killed though some were took captive and used as laborers to cart the bodies out of the city. Although many people were killed during the crusades, there were many positive results for both the east and west. (Trautman 2) The Christians captured Jerusalem in 1100. They benefitted from the disunity among the Muslims and set up the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. In Europe the departure of so many nobles and knights for the crusades strengthened the power of the kings and middle class. (Nelson 3) The most obvious result of the crusades was the establishment of trade routes between east and west. Although the pope initially tried to ban trade with the Muslims, he backed down in 1344, and a trade market was established which benefitted the economy of both cultures. (Trautman 3) The combination of these cultures resulted in the invention of the windmill, the compass, gunpowder, and clocks. The Pope saw the Crusades as a way to assert Church influence as a unifying force, with was as a religious mission. This was a new attitude to religion and it brought religious discipline, previously applicable to monks, to soldiery. Muslim architects began to imitate the European pointed arch, and Europeans learned Greek medicine from the Muslims. .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f , .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .postImageUrl , .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f , .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:hover , .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:visited , .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:active { border:0!important; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:active , .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53f869bde5e01149f39c4ccdef28c21f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Relations in Efuru Essay They also learned military techniques from one another. As a result of learning new military strategies and uniting themselves against one cause, the Muslims developed a stronger religious nation, which also helped the decline of feudalism and the Byzantine empire. The First Crusade was the only crusade that achieved more than temporary results and is the only crusade to ultimately succeed.

The United States Relationship With China, Kosovo, And Cuba Essays

The United States Relationship With China, Kosovo, And Cuba The United States Relationship with China, Kosovo, and Cuba The United States once has very series military, or strategic, relations with China. This brought on the Moscow Conference in October of 1943 (which also included two other nations; United Kingdom & the Soviet Union) United in their determination, in accordance with the declaration by the United Nations of January, 1942, and subsequent declarations, to continue hostilities against those Axis powers with which they respectively are at war until such powers have laid down their arms on the basis of unconditional surrender; Conscious of their responsibility to secure the liberation of themselves and the peoples allied with them from the menace of aggression; Recognizing the necessity of insuring a rapid and orderly transition from war to peace and of establishing and maintaining international peace and security with the least diversion of the world's human and economic resources for armaments; Jointly declare that their united action, pledged for the prosecution of the war against their respective enemies, will be continued for the organization and maintenance of peace and security. Also, that those of them at war with a common enemy will act together in all matters relating to the surrender and dis armament of that enemy. Third, they will take all measures deemed by them to be necessary to provide against any violation of the terms imposed upon the enemy. Another, that they recognize the necessity of establishing at the earliest practicable date a general international organization, based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security. That for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security pending the re-establishment of law and order and the inauguration of a system of general security they will consult with one another and as occasion requires with other members of the United Nations, with a view to joint action on behalf of the community of nations. That after the termination of hostilities they will not employ their military forces within the territories of other states except for the purposes envisaged in this declaratio n and after joint consultation. And last, that they will confer and cooperate with one another and with other members of the United Nations to bring about a practicable general agreement with respect to the regulation of armaments in the post-war period. China (currently) On October 10, 2000 President Clinton's Signing of Legislation Establishing Permanent Normal Trade Relations for China Marks an Historic Moment in U.S.-China RelationsThe United States interest in China is both on an economic and social level. However, the economic level is much higher. China's accession to the WTO will encourage Chinese leaders to move in the direction of meeting the demands of the Chinese people for openness, accountability, and reform. The agreement negotiated last December with China is expected to have three certain results. This can deepen Market Reforms. Also, it obligates China to deepen its market reforms, empowering leaders who want their country to move further and faster toward economic freedom. This agreement will expose China to global competition and thereby bring China under even more pressure to privatize its state-owned industries and expand the role of the market in the Chinese economy. Chinese as well as foreign businessmen will gain the right to import and export on their own, and to sell their products without going through government middlemen. This move also accelerates removal of government from lives of China's people. Accelerates a process that is removing the government from vast areas of China's economic life. China's people will have greater scope to live their lives as they see fit. In opening China's telecommunications market, including to Internet and satellite services, the agreement will over time expose the Chinese people to information, ideas and debate from around the world. As China's people become more mobile, prosperous, and aware of alternative ways of life, they will seek greater say in the decisions that affect their lives. China's entry into the WTO will dramatically cut import barriers currently imposed on American products and services. This agreement locks in and expands our access to a market

Free Essays on Every Day Use

â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short story in which the use of imagery combined with characterization allows the readers to dive deep into the story, perhaps detecting hints in to what the characters are feeling or thinking. These methods prove successful in portraying how two characters, Maggie and Mama, psychologically confined themselves, thus resulting in submissive attitudes towards their intimidating and educated sister/daughter, Dee. The story takes place in an old run down house where Dee's mother, Mama, and daughter, Maggie, of African American descent. A poor family, they live a simple life and are people of faith. Mama has another daughter, Dee, who was sent away to be educated at an early age. Dee being pretty, superficial, and snobbish likes to belittle her mother and sister who are neither educated nor pleasing to the eye. Maggie is homely and badly scarred from being burned in a fire, which leaves her envious of her beautiful sister. Dee comes back one day to â€Å"visit† and asks her mother for an heirloom quilt that has already been promised to her sister. Maggie, who is used to seeing Dee get her way, is stunned when her mother denies Dee the quilt. Through Mama, the narrator, Walker uses characterization to share Mama’s observations of her daughter Maggie. From this it is easy to see what kind of person Maggie is and how she might perceive herself. Details shared throughout the story tell that Maggie’s self-image is one of negativity, which explains why she is always cowering and hiding herself in shame. Mama observes her poise while in her sister’s presence; â€Å"She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs.† One can only imagine the effect of having burn scars and what it can do to one’s self esteem. It is also stated, â€Å"she stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt.† Maggie’s posture and poise is one of doubt. â€Å"She ha... Free Essays on Every Day Use Free Essays on Every Day Use â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short story in which the use of imagery combined with characterization allows the readers to dive deep into the story, perhaps detecting hints in to what the characters are feeling or thinking. These methods prove successful in portraying how two characters, Maggie and Mama, psychologically confined themselves, thus resulting in submissive attitudes towards their intimidating and educated sister/daughter, Dee. The story takes place in an old run down house where Dee's mother, Mama, and daughter, Maggie, of African American descent. A poor family, they live a simple life and are people of faith. Mama has another daughter, Dee, who was sent away to be educated at an early age. Dee being pretty, superficial, and snobbish likes to belittle her mother and sister who are neither educated nor pleasing to the eye. Maggie is homely and badly scarred from being burned in a fire, which leaves her envious of her beautiful sister. Dee comes back one day to â€Å"visit† and asks her mother for an heirloom quilt that has already been promised to her sister. Maggie, who is used to seeing Dee get her way, is stunned when her mother denies Dee the quilt. Through Mama, the narrator, Walker uses characterization to share Mama’s observations of her daughter Maggie. From this it is easy to see what kind of person Maggie is and how she might perceive herself. Details shared throughout the story tell that Maggie’s self-image is one of negativity, which explains why she is always cowering and hiding herself in shame. Mama observes her poise while in her sister’s presence; â€Å"She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs.† One can only imagine the effect of having burn scars and what it can do to one’s self esteem. It is also stated, â€Å"she stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt.† Maggie’s posture and poise is one of doubt. â€Å"She ha...

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release Essay - 6

Knowing Your Audience Paper and Communication Release - Essay Example After about two weeks, the first borehole reached the survivors (Malone, 1986). According to the Reuters, all the thirty three workers were alive. These people are able to receive emergency lights and rations to stave off the darkness. The company rescue workers are making efforts to getting to a way in which they can pull one by one of the trapped miners to the service. They have estimated the period to about just four months. These miners are supplied with tuna, milk cracks and morsel. Their extreme discipline as the company’s employees has made them survive the incident (Rosssou, 2012). The company is putting efforts to establishing safety measures to the employees. The global press coverage centers put their efforts to rescuing the trapped miners alive, the Chilean mining authorities and al over the world mining authorities; they are trying to put the workers lives at great peril by systematically cutting safety corners. Additionally, the government is aiming at controlling the private mining to ensure safety and health risks to their employees. Generally, the government agencies are working to promote mining investments in our company. On the other hand, the owner of the company has taken an action by taking some short dangerous shortcuts for the safety of the workers. The local worker unions through the introduction of ventilation ducts tunnel reinforcement emergency exits and safety lodges have been enforced for the safety of the employees. The company president has come out with various authorities and the state agency has taken the responsibility for the mini ng safety in the Chilean mining company. The mining minister has also called out for a full investigation of the Chilean collapsing accident (Rosssou, 2012). In that case, there is enough safety for the employees within the Chilean mining company. This shall be done by both the company and the government. There would be more

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Report - Essay Example competition but has had to dictate and shape organisations in terms of what consumers wants, how and when they want it and what they are prepared to pay for it (Hagan 1996:1). Kanter (1995:71) on his work of â€Å"Mastering Change† argues that success in the present day business is not for those companies that re-engineer the way they do things, or for those fixing the past. According to Kanter (1995) such an action will not constitute an adequate response. This is so because success is based on an organisation’s ability to create, rather than predict the future by developing those products that will literally transform the way the world thinks and view it self and the needs (Kanter 1995:71). This paper focuses on Tesco and using certain analytical techniques such as the PESTLE framework and Porter’s competitive advantage to diagnose the activities of the company in the phase of the global financial crisis. The last part of the paper uses the cultural and the organisational paradigm to challenge the taken for granted assumption and consequently design a way forward change program for Tesco. Tesco PLC is an international retailer. According to the company web page, the principal activity of the Company is food retailing with over 2,000 stores in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Japan and China. On September 30, 2005, the Company entered into an agreement to dispose of its operation in Taiwan to Carrefour as part of a transaction to acquire Carrefours businesses in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (Company 2007 Report). The company is in simple insurance, telecoms, personal finance and recycling. The Tesco Plc website states â€Å"shareholders. Today the Group operates in 12 markets outside the UK, in Europe, Asia and North America. Over 160,000 employees work in our international businesses, serving over 28 million customers and generating  £13.8

NHS And Community Care Act

NHS And Community Care Act Community care essentially aims to provide individuals in need with social, medical and health support in their own homes, as far as possible, rather than in residential establishments or in long-stay institutions. The enactment of the NHS and Community Care Act in 1990 marked a watershed in the evolution of community care practice in the UK (Means, et al, 2002, p 71). Implemented after years of discussion on the social and financial viability of maintaining people in institutions and homes, the NHS and Community Care Act, initiated by Margaret Thatcher, showcased her desire to radically change the practice and delivery of social and health care in the UK (Means, et al, 2002, p 71). The years following the passing of the Act have witnessed significant developments in the practice and delivery of social work in the country. This short essay attempts to investigate the basic reasons for the enactment of the NHS and the Community Care Act, its basic ideology and thrust, and its impact on the social work sector of the country. The essay also studies the developments in social care that have occurred in the years following the act, with particular focus on direct payments for people with learning disabilities, social care provisions for carers and the contemporary emphasis on personalisation. NHS and Community Care Act 1990 Whilst the initiation of the policy of community care in the UK is by and large attributed to Margaret Thatchers conservative government, the concept of community care, even at that time, was not exactly new (Borzaga Defourny, 2001, p 43). The need for community care existed from the beginning of the 1950s. It aimed to provide a better and more cost effective way to help individuals with mental health concerns and physical disabilities by removing them from impersonal, old, and often harsh institutional environments, and taking care of them in their home environments (Borzaga Defourny, 2001, p 43). Although various governments, since the 1950s, supported the need to introduce community care and tried to bring in appropriate changes, lack of concrete action on the issue resulted in constant increase of the number of people in residential establishments and large institutions during the 1960s, 70s and 80s (Borzaga Defourny, 2001, p 43). With numerous negative stories coming out in the media on the difficult conditions in such establishments, Sir Roy Griffiths was invited by Margaret Thatcher to investigate the issue of community care for the residents of such establishments and make appropriate recommendations (Harris, 2002, p 11). The Griffiths, (1988), Report named Community Care: Agenda for Action, followed by the publication of a White Paper Caring for People: Community Care in the Next Decade and Beyond in 1989 led to the enactment of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 (Cass, 2007, p 241). Apart from being a strong attempt to improve the lives of people in long term institutions and residential establishments, the law was also an outcome of the conservative governments desire to bring market reforms into the public sector and stimulate the private sector to enter the social services, as well as its conviction that competitive markets would be better able to provide more economic services than a bureaucratised public sector (Harris, 2009, p 3). With social services being among the highest revenue spending departments at the local authority level and domiciliary and residential services for older people consuming the bulk of social service funds, community care for older people presented an obvious area for introduction and implementation of market principles (Harris, 2009, p 3). The act split the role of local and health authorities by altering their internal structures, so that local authority departments were required to ascertain the needs of individuals and thereafter purchase required services from providers (Lewis, et al, 1994, p 28). Health organisations, in order to become providers of such services, became NHS trusts that competed with each other. The act also required local social service and health authorities to jointly agree to community care plans for the local implementation of individual care plans for long term and vulnerable psychiatric patients (Lewis, et al, 1994, p 28). The act has however come in for varying degrees of criticism from service users, observers and experts, with some observers claiming the altered care conditions to be unresponsive, inefficient and offering little choice or equity (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). Other experts, who were not so pessimistic, stated that whilst the system was based upon an excellent idea, it was little better in practice than the previous systems of bureaucratic resource allocation and received little commitment from social services; the lead community care agency (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). The commitment of local authorities was diluted by the service legacies of the past and vested professional interest, even as social services and health services workers were unable to work well together (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). Little collaboration took place between social and health services and the impact of the reforms was undermined by chronic government underfunding. The voluntary sector became the main benefici ary of this thrust for the development of a mixed economy of care (Malin, et al, 2002, p 17). Developments after the Enactment of the NHS and Community Care Act The assumption of government by the labour party in 1997 resulted in the progressive adoption of numerous forward looking policies in various areas of social care. The publication of a white paper in 1998 reinforced the governments commitment to promotion of community based care and peoples independence (Means, et al, 2002, p 79). The paper focused on assisting people to achieve and maintain independence through prevention and rehabilitation strategies, with specific grants being introduced to facilitate their implementation. The Health Act of 1999 removed obstacles to the joint working of health and social services departments through provisions for pooling of budgets and merging of services (Means, et al, 2002, p 79). The formulation of the NHS plan aimed to improve partnership between health and social care, the development of intermediate care and the construction of capacity for care through cash for change grants for development of capacity across social and health care systems (Means, et al, 2002, p 79). Direct Payments for Individuals with Learning Disabilities The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996, which came into operation in April 1997, marked a radical change in the provision of community care for people with disabilities, including those with learning difficulties (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). It was illegal, prior to the implementation of the act, for local authorities to support people with disabilities by making cash payments in lieu of providing community care services. Policymakers however realised that many local authorities were successfully supporting independent living schemes, centres for independent living and personal assistance schemes (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). Such schemes handled community care payments for disabled people and provided them with help to organise assistance or support. The Community Care (Direct Payments) Act built on this situation, allowing direct payments to be made to replace care services, which otherwise would be given by social service departments (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). Direct payments provide flexibility in the way services are provided to eligible people. The giving of money, in lieu of social care services, helps people to achieve greater control and choice over their lives and enables them to decide on the time and mode of delivery of services (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). Direct payments can not only be used for services to satisfy the needs of children or their families but also enables carers to purchase the services they need to sustain them in their roles. Research conducted in 1997 in the utilisation of direct payments by people with learning difficulties revealed that whilst utilisation of direct payments by people with learning disabilities was increasing, such utilisation was low among women and individuals from minority or black ethnic groups (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 210). Research also revealed the presence of wide differences in the interpretation of the capacity of persons for consenting to direct payments by local authorities. Whils t some local authorities felt that direct payments could be sanctioned to all persons with learning difficulties who were able, with assistance, to successfully control and use direct payments, other authorities did not heed the fact that such people could indeed be assisted to communicate decisions and consequently assumed their inability to consent to direct payments. Such interpretations, it was felt, could debar many people in need from obtaining the facility for direct payments (Tucker, et al, 2008, p 211). Assistance for Carers Recent years have seen a number of social care initiatives for easing the condition of carers. Carers are people who provide assistance and support, without payment, to family members or friends, who are unable to manage without such assistance, on account of illness, frailty or disability (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 1). Carers can include adults who care for other adults, parents who care for disabled or ill children, or young people who care for other family members. The governments social care policies for carers include supporting people with caring responsibilities for (a) identifying themselves at early stages, (b) recognising the worth of their contribution, and (c) involving them from the beginning in designing and planning individual care (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 1). Such policies aim to enable carers to (a) satisfy their educational needs and employment potential, and (b) provide personalised support, both for carers and the people they support, to enjoy family and community life and remain physically and mentally well. Whilst the NHS and community care Act 1990 looked at carers as valued resources because of their ability to provide support, it did not refer to their rights; relying instead on rhetoric to deliver the message of their value to society (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 2). Succeeding years have however witnessed greater focus on the needs of carers and to progressive introduction of suitable laws and appropriate policies. The passing of the Carers (Recognition and Services) Act 1995 drew attention to the needs of carers. This was followed by the passing of the Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 and the Carers (Equal Opportunities) Act 2004 (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 2). These acts entitle carers for (a) assess ment of their needs, (b) services in their own right and support in accessing education training, employment and leisure opportunities. The proposed equality bill introduces four new opportunities for carers. It (a) requires public authorities to give due consideration to socio-economic disadvantages, whilst exercising strategic planning functions, (b) takes account of associative discrimination with regard to disabled people, (c) provides for prevention of indirect discrimination, and (d) calls upon public bodies to ensure that their policies are designed to eliminate harassment and discrimination and further equality of opportunity (Government Equalities Office, 2010, p 2). Personalisation The concept of personalisation in social care, whilst discussed for some years, was formally inducted into social care practice in the UK with the publication of Putting People First in 2007. The concordat outlined the concept of a personalised adult social care system, where individuals will have extensive control and choice over the services received by them. The government committed that social services would progressively be tailored to meet the preferences of citizens, with person centred planning along with self directed support becoming mainstream activities, assisted by personal budgets for maximising control and choice (Aldred, 2008, p 31). Whilst personal budgets and direct payments form an important aspect of personalisation, the idea concerns fitting services to the needs of people, focusing on outcomes, and recognising the worth of the opinions of service users assessing their own needs, planning their service, and producing their outcomes (Aldred, 2008, p 31). Conclusions and the Way Forward This essay investigates the reasons behind the enactment of the NHS and the Community Care Act and studies the developments in social care that have occurred in the years following the act, especially in areas of direct payments for people with learning disabilities, social care for carers and personalisation. It is obvious from the results of the study that social care in the UK has experienced significant change and metamorphosis since the enactment of the 1990 act. Whilst significant progress has been made a consensus s growing that the British social care system is facing a crisis because of drivers like increasing demographic pressures, alterations in family and social structures, rising public expectations, increasing desire for greater choice and control, and eligibility for services (Glasby, et al, 2010, p 11). The need to move people out of local accommodation because of rising rents exemplifies the challenges faced by the social care system. With the financial system becoming more challenging, the social care system will have to find ways of improving efficiencies without diluting the quality of care (Glasby, et al, 2010, p 11). The next round of social reforms, whilst attempting to achieve better delivery efficiencies will have to renew its commitment to satisfying social expectations and basic human rights, reducing costs, preventing future needs, helping people to regain independence, freeing individuals to contribute, and supporting carers to care and contribute to society (Glasby, et al, 2010, p 11).

Shc 23 – Introduction to Equality

Introduction to Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings 1. 1The term ‘Diversity’ means the state or fact of being diverse; different or unlike. Within equality and inclusion it is the difference between individuals and groups including: culture, nationality, ability, ethnic origin, gender, age, religion, beliefs, sexual orientation and social class. The term ‘Equality’ means the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in-quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability.It means that everyone is offered the same choices and opportunities, everyone is treated with respect and each individuals needs are catered for. The term ‘Inclusion’ means the act of including. Inclusion values diversity meaning that no-one is left out, and places individuals at the centre of planning and support. The term ‘Discrimination’ means the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit eg racial and religious intolerance and discrimination. . 2There are two main types of discrimination; direct and indirect. Direct discrimination may occur in the workplace in the form of institutional discrimination, whereby people may not think I am as good at working with children and young people because I am a man. Discrimination by individuals including bullying, labelling, prejudice and stereotyping is also direct discrimination because it is usually specifically targeted. This can have a negative effect in the workplace as it can lead to lack of opportunities for certain members of the group.Indirect discrimination can take place by accident. It can come as a result of lack of knowledge and understanding. If I cannot effectively communicate with someone because I don’t know anything about them, that could lead to inadve rtent and unintentional exclusion. 1. 3 Equality and inclusion are the opposite of discrimination. Therefore, practices which support equality and inclusion can only serve to extinguish discrimination. If everybody is treated equally with the same rights and respect for each other regardless of race, age and ability, then discrimination cannot take place.This can be achieved by making all areas accessible to people of all abilities, and by reducing barriers within communication. Together they make the promotion of participation easier. 2. 1Within my role as a trainee practitioner, I have to abide by the following codes of practice and legislation: Human Rights Act 1998 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Disability Discrimination Act 2005 Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 The Equality Act 2010 Equality and Human Rights Commission 2. In our setting, children and adults alike are all treated equally. Religious beliefs, cultures and va lues are all taken into account. An example of this would be our snack table, all dietary requirements – some health reasons and some religious reasons are catered for. As such, nothing is ever served which go against peoples beliefs. Appropriate language is always used when addressing both children and adults, using clear communication. Regardless of age, ethnic origin or religious belief; confidentiality is always maintained unless it someone is in immediate danger. 2. Discrimination can be challenged in different ways, but in order for it to stop, we must also encourage change. If someone feels that they are being discriminated against, then they should follow the correct complaints procedures – note their concerns with a supervisor, manager or SENCO. If I see children discriminating against one another, I can challenge the children and resolve the issue but report the incident to my manager. Staff training on the issue of discrimination is valuable as it means we a re all following the same procedures to curb the behaviour, and makes us reassess our own beliefs and attitudes we might hold.Policy review on the subject is also a fantastic way to challenge discrimination as it can lead to more effective techniques to solve the problem being developed. 3. 1There are a variety of sources where information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion can be gathered from. Advice and information can be gained from Sector Skills Councils such as Skills for Care and Children’s Workforce and Development Council, Professional organisations such as Nursing ans Midwifery Council and Teacher Development Agency; and Third party organisations.It can also be found on government websites which give up to date legislation and codes of practice. 3. 2Access to information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion should be gained when carrying out inter-agency works, or liaising with community leaders and organisations. It c an also be used in order to gain feedback on the work you are already carrying out. This can help you see if you are meeting all standards expected and can also help you progress to the next level because it aids professional development.

Discuss Merle Hodge’S Crick Crack Monkey As a Novel Essay

Merle Hodge born in 1944, in Trinidad is the daughter of an immigration officer. After studying at the Bishop Anstey’s high school of Trinidad, she obtained the Trinidad and Tobago Girls Island Scholarship in 1962 which led her to the university college of London. She obtained a degree in French and later in 1967 a Master Philosophy degree. Merle Hodge traveled a lot in Eastern and Western Europe and when she returned to Trinidad she started teaching French in junior schools. Later she obtained a post of lecturer at the University of the West Indies. In 1979, she started to work for the bishop regime and she was appointed director of the development of curriculum. In 1983, she left Grenada because the bishop was assassinated and she is now working for the Women and Development Studies at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad. She wrote the novel Crick Crack Monkey in 1970 where she deals with the theme of childhood in the West Indies. The main protagonist called Tee lives with Tantie who is a working class woman. She later goes to live with her aunt Beatrice and she faces a new and different world from that of her Caribbean world: â€Å"Hodge’s story is presented through the eyes of a black, lower class girl of Trinidad in the 1950s.† The whole story is one presented from one point of view: Tee’s. She is left alone by her father who goes abroad after the death of her mother and she has to live with her lower class Tantie where she learns about being independent. Later in the story her aunt Beatrice takes her and she then has to adapt herself to the ‘white’ world. She faces a lot of cultural and identity conflict as she does not really know where she belongs or what culture is wrong or right. â€Å"However, looking at the story of â€Å"crick crack monkey† through the eyes of a young white girl, rather than a young black girl, the reader might see the injustice and the ethnic discrimination that a black person must endure. She would not be accustomed to being called a â€Å"little black nincompoop† (Hodge 457), and she would most likely not have to suffer a physical beating with a ruler (Hodge 456)† Tee becomes the narrator and Hodge guides the reader through an â€Å"intensely personal study of the effects of the colonial imposition of various social and cultural values on the Trinidadian female.† Tee narrates the diverse problems in her life in such a way that it is often complicated to split up â€Å"the voice of the child, experiencing, from the voice of the woman, reminiscing; in this manner, Hodge broadens the scope of the text considerably.† It has often been seen that the British have used various techniques to influence the viewpoints of the Caribbean people. â€Å"The people’s self awareness, religion, language, and culture has coped with the influx of British ideals and in coping, the people have changed to appease the islands’ highly influential British population.† Crick Crack Monkey is made to be a novel dealing with the conflict of cultures that Tee has to accept. We first meet Tee when her mother dies and she is portrayed as being surrounded by people. She experiences ‘crowd-scenes’ where she has all her family and friends around her to give her support. At Tantie’s house, she had Tantie’s loud presence and when she was absent she had the presence of other children. This in a way is made to reflect the Caribbean culture where every one is warm and caring and where the people like to stay together and entertain social relationships: â€Å"As Yakini Kemp notes, â€Å"she [Tee] is moving progressively toward the development of a positive self-image while she resides with Tantie† (24). Tee is made to be independent and having a voice for herself in the Trinidadian society. She has a confident personality which has been molded by the culture in which she was living. These episodes where Tee is made to be surrounded by the people of Trinidad are made to contrast with the isolation and the loneliness which Tee is made to feel at her Aunt Beatrice’s place: â€Å"these scenes set up a contrast to the loneliness the narrator-protagonists will experience once removed from their original environment and placed into a Western or Western-aspiring one. What Marjorie Thorpe has said about Crick Crack Monkey thus can also be said for Bedford’s novel: â€Å"Throughout the novel Hodge contrasts the warmth and congeniality of Tantie’s household with the loneliness and isolation which Tee experiences at Aunt Beatrice’s† (36) In Crick Crack Monkey Hodge makes the isolation felt by Tee become associated with cultural alienation. She had always been said to belong to an extended family culture where she feels part of the family but the western culture makes her feel out of place and she thus feels alienated from both cultures at a certain point. This alienation process is depicted through the fact that Tee has to move from an Antillean culture to a supposedly European culture: â€Å"In this novel Merle Hodge presents the process of alienation by depicting Tee’s transition from a typical Antillean tradition to that of a pseudo-European culture.† Tee is made to balance herself between the culture of Tantie who gives her â€Å"the promise of staying on with the original culture of the Caribbean islands† and between Aunt Beatrice who gives her a prospect of another culture: â€Å"Aunt Beatrice offers the lure of abroad – a culture that Tee slowly becomes familiar with but does not b elong to.† It is seen that, while Tantie and Aunt Beatrice represent different perceptions of cultures which were present in the island, Ma, Tee’s Grandma, represents another culture. She is the one who tells the children â€Å"‘nancy† stories and she is near to the Tee’s African roots. Tee visiting her grandmother makes her realize that: â€Å"Ma’s sayings often began on a note of familiarity only to rise into an impressive incomprehensibility, or vice versa, as in ‘Them that walketh in the paths of corruption will live to ketch dey arse†. The three women in Tee’s life makes her realize that each one belongs to a class and a culture which is seemingly different from each other and Tee is unable to even understand the culture of her Grandmother so she becomes alienated from the African culture in a way. She is left with Tantee’s culture and with Aunt Beatrice’s culture where both culture makes her in a way lose her own identity . In Merle Hodge’s Crick Crack Monkey, Tee’s education is responsible for her internalization of the European or the western culture. It is found in the novel that even before Tee is made to go and live with her Anglicized Aunt Beatrice she has to learn about their culture where things which she has learned in her Caribbean culture does not exist â€Å"Books transported you always into the familiar solidity of chimneys and apple trees, the enviable normality of real Girls and Boys who went a-sleighing and built snowmen, ate potatoes, not rice, went about in socks and shoes from morning until night and called things by their proper names, never saying â€Å"washicong† for plimsoll or â€Å"crapaud† when they meant a frog. Books transported you always into reality and Rightness, which were to be found Abroad. (61)† It has often been seen that the colonial education was part of massive artillery to colonize the mind of the people and that this helped to consolidate the colonialists power and culture. It is said that the ‘whole educational apparatus was geared towards cultural domination by consent’ and that in a way it completely destroyed the culture and the cultural education of the colonized people. They were in fact alienated from their own culture through the colonized education and they were made to create an environment where they would desire the Eurocentric culture. This is in a way what happens to Tee who is made to feel alienated from her own culture by the colonial education she is given. Tee’s education thus in a sense puts her in an unbearable state: â€Å"since her own world does not have the same cultural referents as the one she is taught to regard as â€Å"correct,† she is forever trying to â€Å"catch up,† always seeing herself in terms of a world which can never be her own because it is always elsewhere.† She is always lacking in her acceptance of this culture: â€Å"her whole socialization process comes to affirm that however many of the cultural standards prescribed by the educational system, her teachers, or Aunt Beatrice she adopts, she always falls short — and so do her teachers and Aunt Beatrice, who are similarly caught in a cycle of self-denial and self-hatred.† Tantie representing the Caribbean culture warns Tee not to get carried by the colonialist instructions and this warning comes in time when Hodge introduces the teacher, Mr. Hinds who â€Å"is bent on living an English reality in the face of the facts of the Caribbean because he holds Englishness as the highest value in his life, and so it is not surprising that â€Å"[e]everyone knew that Mr. Hinds had been up to England† because he is eager to let everyone know about it. His devotion to the metropolis assumes a worshipful attitude illustrated by his â€Å"daily endeavor to bring the boys to a state of reverence† towards a â€Å"large framed portrait of Churchill† (24).† He makes the colonial education, the center of his teachings and what he teaches the students does not even include the Caribbean reality that the children are living. He tries to instill the English culture in the students: â€Å"from apples to Christmas to snow and the haystacks the children learn about in their school primers — who do not have any lived knowledge of England, thus attempting to erase Caribbeanness in them as it has been erased in him.† There is one passage which addresses the issue of language, identity and of culture. Mr. Hinds being irritated with his students says, â€Å"‘Here I stand, trying to teach you to read and write the English language, trying to teach confounded piccaninnies to read and write. . . . I who have marched to glory side by side with His Majesty’s bravest men — I don’t have to stand here and busy myself with . . . little black nincompoops† (29). This in a way reflects the culture which is often adopted by the western world where people think that the way you speak is a representation of yourself proposed by Ashcroft. The students are made to reject their local language to adopt the language of the colonizer and the†use of the language highlights cultural specificity† when the vernacular language is inserted in the novel. The very rendering of the vernacular in written English gives it equal status to â€Å"mainstream† English and linguistically symbolizes an act of resistance and a cultural alternative – Creole culture — that, in the plot of the novel, is marked by a relative wholeness when juxtaposed to Mr. Hinds’ and Aunt Beatrice’s self-alienation, which is expressed in the above passage through Mr. Hinds’ concern with having his students learn â€Å"proper† English. According to Frantz Fanon: â€Å"Every colonized people — in other words, every people in whose soul an inferiority complex has been created by the death and burial of its local cultural originality — finds itself face to face with the language of the civilizing nation; that is, with the culture of the mother country. The colonized is elevated above his jungle status in proportion to his adoption of the mother country’s cultural standards. He becomes whiter as he renounces his blackness, his jungle. (18)† Mr. Hinds is the representation of the colonized man who tries to act white. He creates walls between himself and the children where he is in a way rejecting his own blackness and is trying to make them accept the culture of the colonized through language: â€Å"attempting to make them like himself, with language as a primary standard of culture, he also tries to prove his own cultural â€Å"redeemability,† the possibility of becoming English.† Tantie represents the Caribbean culture and thus she tries to preserve it in Tee. It seems that the culture in which Tee is living is mixed with the European culture and there are many agents of ‘westernization’ which are present in the society. Mr. Hinds seems only to be a puppet who has been employed to prepare Tee for her awaiting life at the household of Aunt Beatrice: â€Å"it is for good reason that Tantie warns Tee of such indoctrination in the vernacular, since the vernacular is the only cultural basis for Tantie (and potentially for Tee) from which to launch a defense.† The novel shows that the children have to go to Aunt Beatrice’s place in order to obtain the proper education and Tantie has to let the children live with Aunt Beatrice. In a way she knows that the colonial education and system is all that matters to succeed in the world. It seems that Aunt Beatrice’s westernized house is the only ‘proper’ place for the children to stay because it contains all the cultural values of the Europeans. At her arrival there it is immediately shown how the world of aunt Beatrice is different when Tee’s and Todan are made fun of because of their clothes and color: â€Å"Not only color and features are under scrutiny concerning their similarities and dissimilarities to European beauty standards, but so are clothes, as Tee finds out when her cousins inspect her wardrobe soon after her (second) arrival: â€Å". . . We are shown how with the phenomenon of â€Å"double consciousness,† Du Bois’ term: â€Å"While Du Bois speaks of African Americans looking at themselves through the eyes of racist whites, Tee looks at herself through the eyes of her cousins, who have so thoroughly imbibed a British colonialist world view that nothing appears to exist resembling even remnants of a Caribbean identity.† makes Tee feel aware of her color and of her clothes as compared to her colonized cousins. When Tee had gone to Aunt Beatrice’s place the first time, she used to beat up her cousins and later on when she goes there again she is in a way crippled by her education and through her indoctrination of the standards of the European culture. The first time she had Tantie’s culture fully present in her, she had all her Caribbeaness in her and had not been made aware that she has to judge herself by the standards of others and that the European culture was the scale along which she should judge herself and her achievements: â€Å"Tee has already been indoctrinated into standards of â€Å"Reality and Rightness† and she recognizes her cousins as being closer to the Anglophile standards instilled in her, quelling the resistance against their denigration that was still available to her when she drew her world view and strength from Tantie’s cultural orb.† In this new world which is different from the world of Tantie, all that represents the African culture is denigrated and shown to be insignificant. Aunt Beatrice in every way makes Tee feels that the white world and culture is supreme and the clothes she had brought is seen as ‘niggery’ and everything connected with Europeans is adorned and there is the example of the photograph of the ‘white ancestress: â€Å"Such veneration of â€Å"white blood† illustrates that Aunt Beatrice does not merely admire and strive to emulate English culture, but that her Anglophilia is ultimately rooted in racist and Darwinist beliefs in the superiority of bloodlines and â€Å"races.† Thus, in her eyes, African ancestry in and of itself is a liability, not merely African culturally acquired styles and behaviors. This explains her manic attempt to erase everything in herself, in her daughters, and in Tee, reminiscent of such ancestry†. She is in a way trying to ali enate the Caribbean culture in Tee just as Mr. Hinds had tried to do. Tee is made to feel alienated from the world she used to know. In this new world she is made to feel powerless and she feels that she cannot cope when she has to speak or when she dresses as she cannot and is not fully accepted in this Europeanized world of her cousins: â€Å"As Ketu Katrak has said, â€Å"Beatrice cultivates bourgeois values that despise blackness in every form — skin color, speech patterns, food† (66), and this is a legacy from which Tee cannot escape†. She does not belong to the culture of Tantie anymore and nor does she belong to the culture of the Aunt Beatrice ad she only feels torn between the two. This is shown when she cannot accept the food brought to her by Tantie and: â€Å"The final scene demonstrates that Tee now lives between the worlds, not belonging to either. Unable ever to be accepted fully into Aunt Beatrice’s household and Englishness, she is also alien to Tantie’s world.† Ketu Katrak says that â€Å"Colonized people’s mental colonization through English language education, British values, and culture result in states of exclusion and alienation. Such alienations are experienced in conditions of mental exile within one’s own culture to which, given one’s education, one un-belongs.† (62) Tee has received an education and a western culture which is very much unlike the culture of Tantie and which in a way makes her feel the dullness of her Caribbean culture and of Tantie’s world. Tee feels alienated and marginalized since the time she has started to learn the European culture and she did not feel this before in Tantie’s household. Tee’s alienation leads her to hopelessness and feelings that she is unworthy of living: â€Å"(Thorpe 37): â€Å"I wanted to shrink, to disappear. . . . I felt that the very sight of me was an affront to common decency. I wished that my body could shrivel up and fall away, that I could step out new and acceptable† (97). Though she does not actually contemplate killing herself, her self-hatred and eagerness to assimilate are the cultural equivalent of suicide.† Tee is found without a culture and ‘Aunt Beatrice’s self-negating and self-hating cultural influence’ on her seems to destroy her identity. Tee is unable to live in both culture and the novel: â€Å"thus ends on an ironic note: to save Tee, who is unable to return to the Caribbeanness she has known in Tantie’s household through having become socialized in the worship of Englishness, Tantie sends her to the ultimate source of this cultural negation: to the metropolis, to England† â€Å"Hodge goes to great pains to portray the cultural bankruptcy of playing monkey to the Great White Ancestor. In this important respect, the narrative, which in the fiction a mature Tee relates, places considerable vaule on the vulnerable African oral culture that so easily succumbs to the power of the written†. Crick Crack Monkey ending gives us a hope for Tee who goes to London and â€Å"The goal of the novel, it seems, is not to idealize a lost African past but to reveal the cultural sovereignty of Trinidad.† BIBLIOGRAPHY: Web sites: * BILL CLEMENTE: The A, B, C’s of Alienation and Re-Integration : Merle Hodge’S Crick Crack Monkey * httpClemente.htm * httpcrick crack monkey study guide.htm * The Two Worlds of the Child: A study of the novels of three West Indian writers; Jamaica Kincaid, Merle Hodge, and George Lamming * httpJamaica Kincaid, Merle Hodge, George Lamming.htm * Two Postcolonial Childhoods:Merle Hodge’s Crick Crack, Monkey and Simi Bedford’s Yoruba Girl Dan * http Jouvert 6_1 – 2 Martin Japtok, Two Postcolonial Childhoods Merle Hodge’s Crick Crack, Monkey and Simi Bedford’s Yoruba Girl Dancing.htm * http merle.htm books: * HODGE ,MERLE. Crick Crack, Monkey. Andre Deutsch, 1970; London: Heinemann, 1981; Paris: Karthala, 1982 (trans. Alice Asselos-Cherdieu). Lectures: * Lectures by Mrs. MAHADAWO on Island Literatures.